Abstract
Introduction: Diclofenac (DIC) is one of the compounds derived from acetic acid which isknown for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic attributes. Silymarin is a flavonoid compoundwhich is derivate from Silybum marianum seeds. This research was done to assess the protectiverole of silymarin against liver toxicity induced by DIC in male rats.Methods: Randomly, 40 male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups as follows: Group 1:control group, Group 2: DIC-only treated (50 mg/kg, i.p), Group 3: silymarin-only treated (200mg/kg, p.o); Groups 4 and 5: DIC (50 mg/kg, i.p) plus silymarin (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, p.o,respectively) treated. Various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were evaluatedin serum and tissue.Results: In the DIC-only treated group, the levels of liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxidedismutase (SOD), intracellular glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) significantly diminished andthe levels of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), nitrite, alanine aminotransferase (ALT),malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and TNF-α gene expression were remarkably elevated relative to control animals. In otherhands, treatment with silymarin caused a noticeable elevation in GPx, SOD, GSH, CAT and aremarkable reduction in levels of total bilirubin, ALP, nitrite content, ALT, MDA, serum TNF-α,AST and TNF-α gene expression relative to DIC-only treated group. Histopathological injurieswere also improved by silymarin administration.Conclusion: The results confirm that silymarin has an ameliorative effect on liver toxicity inducedby DIC and oxidative stress in male rats.
Highlights
Diclofenac (DIC) is one of the compounds derived from acetic acid which is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic attributes
Effects of silymarin on serum ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin Table 1 shows the effects of DIC and silymarin on total bilirubin, ALP, AST and ALT in serum
Injection of DIC in DIC-only treated group led to a noticeable elevation (P < 0.05) in serum ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin relative to control animals (Table 1)
Summary
Diclofenac (DIC) is one of the compounds derived from acetic acid which is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic attributes. Results: In the DIC-only treated group, the levels of liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), intracellular glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) significantly diminished and the levels of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), nitrite, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and TNF-α gene expression were remarkably elevated relative to control animals. Treatment with silymarin caused a noticeable elevation in GPx, SOD, GSH, CAT and a remarkable reduction in levels of total bilirubin, ALP, nitrite content, ALT, MDA, serum TNF-α, AST and TNF-α gene expression relative to DIC-only treated group. Diclofenac (DIC) belongs to Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug family and it is one of the compounds derived from phenyl acetic acid but liver toxicity is one of the main concerns for this drug [4]. Any therapeutic agent which can suppress any of the pathological pathways activated by DIC might be used to prevent or inverse its toxic action
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