Abstract
In the Mediterranean basin, the silvopastoral system has always been part of the regional economy. Silvopastoral areas contribute significantly to the development of the ecological and socio-economic factors of territorial sustainability. However, little attention has been paid to reviewing the importance, historical evolution, socio-economic conditions, and climate change impact of the southern Mediterranean region of northern Morocco. This review casts light on research on the silvopastoral systems in Morocco with a focus on the Mediterranean side. Sixty-nine peer-reviewed publications were selected for this systematic review. The findings revealed that silvopastoral areas play a very important role in animal feeding in Morocco. Animals are managed traditionally on these woodlands where they graze throughout the year. The silvopastoral system has undergone several changes over recent decades. These changes have had a direct impact on ecosystems, causing a decline in biodiversity, forest degradation, and an increase in land use at the expense of silvopastoral areas, mainly in the Mediterranean region of northern Morocco. Consequently, the sustainability of the silvopastoral systems would undoubtedly be negatively affected. The review finishes with some crucial strategies and propositions that could be encouraged to support sustainable management actions of silvopastoral resources. In the conclusion, we outline the need to assess the realistic socio-economic and ecological benefits of silvopastoral systems to promote their sustainable development.
Highlights
A silvopastoral system is a productive arrangement characterized by a combination of pastures and trees in the same area in order to increase the profitability of the system through the diversification of products while preserving the natural environment
Because the study concerned the temporal evolution of silvopastoral areas, the databases were searched for papers dating from 1980 to 2021
Forest ecosystems are dominated by trees and made up of biologically integrated Forest ecosystems are dominated by trees and made up of biologically communities of plants, animals, and microbes, as well as the soils and atmospheres with communities of plants, animals, and microbes, as well as the soils and atmos which they interact [8]
Summary
A silvopastoral system is a productive arrangement characterized by a combination of pastures and trees in the same area in order to increase the profitability of the system through the diversification of products while preserving the natural environment. It is considered a sustainable method of restoring degraded pastures [1]. Farmers and different users are solely responsible for the sustainable functioning of the silvopastoral system [2,3] Between these different components, both ecological and economic interactions are created. An ecological interaction becomes beneficial when the silvopastoral system shows evidence of an increase in yield per unit area and sustainable use of resources with an improvement in environmental aspects
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