Abstract
The present study is focused on the synthesis and investigation of the physicochemical and biological properties of silver nanoparticles stabilized with a series of cationic gemini surfactants having a polymethylene spacer of variable length. UV-VIS spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements were applied to provide physicochemical characterization of the silver nanoparticles. The mean size values of the nanoparticles were found to be in the 50 to 115 nm range. From the nanoparticle size distributions and scanning electron microscopy images it results that a population of small nanoparticles with the size of several nanometers was confirmed if the nanoparticles were stabilized with gemini molecules with either a short methylene spacer (two or four −CH2− groups) or a long spacer (12 −CH2− groups). The average zeta potential value for silver nanoparticles stabilized with gemini molecules is roughly independent of gemini surfactant spacer length and is approx. +58 mV. An interaction model between silver nanoparticles and gemini molecules which reflects the gained experimental data, is suggested. Microbicidal activity determinations revealed that the silver nanoparticles stabilized with gemini surfactants are more efficient against Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, which has a direct relation to the interaction mechanism of nanoparticles with the bacterial cell membrane and its structural composition.
Highlights
Silver nanoparticles continue to attract scientific interest due to their unique application potential in various technology areas such as photography [1], electronics [2], chemical catalysis, catalytic degradation [3,4,5,6], and others
This could be a reason for the increased stabilization effect of the gemini molecules with the spacer value 2, 4, 6, and 12 methylene groups on silver nanoparticles, as results from the nanoparticle size analysis described in the text above
The present study provides information of the preparation and the investigation of physicochemical and biological properties of silver nanoparticles that are stabilized with a series of cationic gemini surfactants with polymethylene spacers of variable length
Summary
Silver nanoparticles continue to attract scientific interest due to their unique application potential in various technology areas such as photography [1], electronics [2], chemical catalysis, catalytic degradation [3,4,5,6], and others. Bis-imidazolium gemini surfactant molecules with hexadecyl chains and imidazolium heads interconnected with polymethylene spacers of the 2, 5, 6, and 12 methylene groups in length, were used for the stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Their application resulted in the formation of small nanoparticles with sizes between 3 and 6 nm [50]. A series of cationic bis-aminium gemini surfactants with polymethylene spacers of length rangings from two to 12 methylene groups is used for the stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Zeta potential measurements and scanning electron microscopy are reported Regarding their biological properties, the microbicidal activity of silver nanoparticles stabilized with gemini molecules against. Spectral Analysis of Gemini Surfactant-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles nm for silver nanoparticles
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