Abstract
Infection caused by bacteria is one of the crucial risk factors for tendon adhesion formation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP)-loaded physical barriers were reported to be effective in anti-infection and anti-adhesion. However, high silver load may lead to kidney and liver damages. This study was designed for Ibuprofen (IBU)-loaded poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) electrospun fibrous membranes containing a low dosage of Ag to evaluate its potential in maintaining suitable anti-infection and good anti-adhesion effects. The in vitro drug release study showed a sustained release of Ag ions and IBU from the membrane. Inferior adherence and proliferation of fibroblasts were found on the Ag4%–IBU4%-loaded PLLA electrospun fibrous membranes in comparison with pure PLLA and 4% Ag-loaded PLLA membranes. In the antibacterial test, all Ag-loaded PLLA electrospun fibrous membranes prevented the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Ibuprofen is effective in enhancing the anti-adhesion and anti-proliferation effects of 4% Ag-loaded PLLA fibrous membrane. The medical potential of infection reduction and adhesion prevention of Ag4%–IBU4%-loaded PLLA electrospun fibrous membrane deserves to be further studied.
Highlights
Posttraumatic tendon adhesion is the most common complication after surgical repair of tendon injury [1,2]
According to the pathology of tendon adhesion, infection induced by bacteria is one of the crucial risk factors for adhesion formation [3,4]
The prepared Ag-loaded physical barriers were defined as non-cytotoxic, high silver load may still lead to kidney and liver damages after delivery of Ag ions by the blood circulatory system [7,8,9]
Summary
Posttraumatic tendon adhesion is the most common complication after surgical repair of tendon injury [1,2]. According to the pathology of tendon adhesion, infection induced by bacteria is one of the crucial risk factors for adhesion formation [3,4]. Such infection reaction has very limited capacity to heal spontaneously and the tendon adhesion would deteriorate if left untreated. The prepared Ag-loaded physical barriers were defined as non-cytotoxic, high silver load may still lead to kidney and liver damages after delivery of Ag ions by the blood circulatory system [7,8,9]. The cytotoxicity of Ag would be reduced with less drug load, though the anti-infection and anti-adhesion effect would be inevitably weakened. How to maintain the low-cytotoxicity while keeping satisfactory function is the key to the optimization of a clinic treatment program
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