Abstract
The integration of silver nanomaterials as electron mediators in electrochemical biosensors can be crucial to improve the affinity with biomolecules and the electrochemical response. In this work, two voltammetric bioelectronics tongues (bioET) formed by biosensors based on the combination of enzymes with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (bioET-1) or silver nanowires (AgNWs) (bioET-2) have been developed and used to analyze milks. Each array was formed by four biosensors formed by enzymes (glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, β-galactosidase and a blank), capable to detect compounds usually found in milks. Principal component analysis (PCA) has revealed the ability of both biosensor systems to discriminate between milk samples with different fat contents, but with some differences, attributed to the structure employed in the detection.
Highlights
Milk is an essential component of human diets, its composition varies depending on the brand, storage period, animal origin and the components that make milk up
As it can be observed, when the biological material is immobilized on the modified electrode surfaces, the increase in the intensity of the cathodic and anodic peaks is more pronounced in the presence of nanowires in the AgNWs bioelectronics tongues (bioET)
The results demonstrate that silver nanowires outperform silver nanoparticles in terms of electrocatalytic activity because the electrical conductivity and the electrocatalytic properties of the developed sensors have been enhanced when AgNWs are used as electron mediators
Summary
Milk is an essential component of human diets, its composition varies depending on the brand, storage period, animal origin and the components that make milk up. It has been demonstrated that their morphology is essential on the electrochemical response and their ability to improve the electron mobility Due to their large specific surface area and high surface free energy, metallic nanomaterials may strongly adsorb biomolecules maintaining their bioactivity due to their biocompatibility [5]. Two electrochemical biosensor arrays in which AgNPs (bioET-1) or AgNWs (bioET-2) have been deposited as enzyme supports, were created and tested for their capacity to differentiate between milk samples with variable fat and nutritional content. For this purpose, unsupervised (PCA) multivariate classification methods were used to assess the bioETs’. The discrimination abilities of both sensor arrays were evaluated to determine which silver nanomaterial provided the best results
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