Abstract
Silver has become a potent agent that can be effectively applied in nanostructured nanomaterials with various shapes and sizes against antibacterial applications. Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) based-antimicrobial agents play a major role in different applications, including biomedical applications, as surface treatment and coatings, in chemical and food industries, and for agricultural productivity. Due to advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology, different methods have been used to prepare Ag NPs with sizes and shapes reducing toxicity for antibacterial applications. Studies have shown that Ag NPs are largely dependent on basic structural parameters, such as size, shape, and chemical composition, which play a significant role in preparing the appropriate formulation for the desired applications. Therefore, this review focuses on the important parameters that affect the surface interaction/state of Ag NPs and their influence on antimicrobial activities, which are essential for designing future applications. The mode of action of Ag NPs as antibacterial agents will also be discussed.
Highlights
With the emergence of various infectious pathogens that show resistance toward one or more antibiotics, the treatment of patients becomes very difficult, eventually leading to deaths [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Physical and chemical properties of Ag NPs are highly dependent on size and shape, distribution, type of morphology/facet, surface chemistry, surface area, composition, aggregation, and Ag0/Ag+, and all these factors will play a role in antibacterial activities
The use of Ag NPs at the nanoscale could provide an opportunity for antibacterial treatments because the nanosized effects and exotic behavior of Ag NPs have produced some outstanding characteristics including biological properties related to biomedical applications
Summary
With the emergence of various infectious pathogens that show resistance toward one or more antibiotics, the treatment of patients becomes very difficult, eventually leading to deaths [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Based on the pandemic and epidemic diseases report made by the World Health Organization (WHO), the death rate for the infection with drug-resistant pathogens was high [12] Under these circumstances, health science requires new types of disinfection systems [1,2,3]. To narrow down the literature further, the authors added another keyword, ‘biocompatible’, with the ‘AND’ logic operator This revealed 549 documents from the year range of 2003–2021. An exponential trend is observed in the published document (Figure 1) The mode of action and side effects of Ag NPs will be demonstrated in this review
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