Silver-containing osteoplastic nanocomposites based on polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers

Abstract

The influence of technological factors on the preparation of silver nanoparticles has been studied when using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a reducing agent and stabilizer of the dispersion of nanosized particles. The effect of temperature, polyvinylpyrrolidone content and concentration of silver ions on the kinetics of silver reduction as well as the shape and size of nanoparticles has been determined. Based on the UV study of reagent solutions, the conclusion was confirmed that polyvinylpyrrolidone of a higher molecular weight is a more effective reducing agent of silver. The way of interaction between silver salts and polyvinylpyrrolidone with formation of vinylsuccinimide units in the structure of macromolecules has been proposed. The influence of the nature of silver salt on the shape and size of silver nanoparticles has been established. In the case of the use of silver nitrate, the silver nanoparticles are more homogeneous and they are mainly formed as triangular prisms and polyhedra of different sizes. In the case of the reduction of silver using silver acetate, the formed nanoparticles have a predominantly spherical shape. Nanosized particles with a wide size distribution are formed at the ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone:AgNO3>20:1 (wt.). As this ratio decreases, the stabilization of the formed nanoparticles weakens, which leads to an increase in the size of silver particles up to the formation of nanocrystals with a size of several hundred nanometers. Silver-containing composites based of the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers filled with hydroxyapatite in the form of porous blocks and films were synthesized, and their bactericidal and fungicidal properties were investigated. The developed porous composites can be used in medicine as osteoplastic to replace damaged bone tissue.