Silurian-Lower Devonian stratigraphy of eastern and south-central New Hampshire; extensions from western Maine

Abstract

<h3>Background</h3> Phytotherapy is a therapeutic option which aims to prevent and treat diseases with using the herbal preparations prepared by the whole or some parts of plants. <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Herbal cream on experimentally induced arthritis model in rats. <h3>Methods</h3> 60 Wistar-albino rats were divided into 5 groups as Control, Freund9s Complete Adjuvant (FCA), Arthritis, Arthritis + Diclofenac gel, Arthritis + Herbal cream. A single dose of saline 300 μL for Control group, a single dose of FCA + acetic acid 300 μL for FCA group, a single dose of collagen Type II + CFA emulsion for other 3 groups injected to induce arthritis intradermally to 5–6 separate sites around the tail. Treatments (diclofenac gel or herbal cream) were given as b.i.d. after day 14, for five consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from all animals at the end of the experiment by cardiac puncture. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-1, COX-2 and hsCRP levels were measured by an ELISA method. <h3>Results</h3> HsCRP levels was found significantly elevated in the Arthritis group when compared to Control group (p&lt;0,0001). In comparison between Arthritis group and Arthritis + Herbal cream groups, there was no significant differences between them according to the levels of hsCRP.In the model of collagen induced arthritis and FCA groups the levels of IL-6 were significantly higher then Control group (p&lt;0,0001). When we compared the Arthritis group to the Arthritis + Diclofenac group IL-6 level was found significantly lower in the latter (p&lt;0,0001). In comparison between Arthritis group and Arthritis + Herbal cream group, significantly lower concentration of IL-6 was found also in Arthritis + Herbal cream group (p&lt;0,0001). Despite COX-1 and COX-2 levels were both significantly lower in Arthritis + Diclofenac group, only COX-2 levels were found significantly low in Arthritis + Herbal cream group. However, no significant difference was found between each group in IL-1β and TNF-α levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In our study, we concluded that topical herbal cream has a weak antiinflammatory efficacy via lovering IL-6 but not hsCRP and this efficacy is formed by COX-2 inhibition. However, designing new studies in the future would be valuable to determine the effective dose and mixture to achieve evident improvement. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared