Abstract
The Niagaran dolomite in the vicinity of Chicago is characterized by several kinds of nodules, one type consisting of an intimate mixture of silicified fossils in a matrix of calcium carbonate. The mode of origin of these nodules is compared with that of modern usea and lake balls, which are produced by wave action in shallow waters. The apparently dwarfed fauna of the Silurian sea balls comprises most of the common Paleozoic classes of invertebrates, with bryozoans, brachiopods, corals, and echinoderms most abundant. An extended storm period has been posulated to account both for the dwarfing of the fauna and for the genesis of the nodules.
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