Abstract
A new approach of siloxane sampling based on impinger, micro-impinger, adsorption on active carbon, and direct TedlarBag methods followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for the analysis of three linear (L2–L4) and four cyclic (D3–D5) volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs). Three kinds of organic liquid-medium characterized by different polarities, namely acetone, methanol, and d-decane as siloxanes trap were arranged in the experiment which is widely discussed below. Thus, the GC-MS equipped with SUPELCOWAX-10 capillary column was employed to perform monitoring of VMS content in the analyzed biogas samples originating from landfill, wastewater treatment plants, and agriculture biogas plants. In all samples that have undergone the analysis, cyclic and linear VMSs were found in quantities exceeding 107.9 and 3.8 mg/m3, respectively. Significant differences between siloxanes concentrations depending on biogas origin were observed. Moreover, the high range of linearity (0.1 to 70.06 mg/m3), low LoD (0.01 mg/m3), low LoQ (0.04 mg/m3), and high recovery (244.1%) indicate that the procedure and can be applied in sensitive analyses of silica biogas contaminants. In addition to the above, the impinger method of sampling performed better than active-carbon Tube and TedlarBag, particularly for quantifying low concentrations of siloxanes. Overall, the evaluation of sampling methods for biogas collection simplified the analytical procedure by reducing the procedural steps, avoiding the use of solvents, as well as demonstrated its applicability for the testing of biogas quality.
Highlights
Regarding the reduction of the emission and continuously increasing demand for renewable resources, the concept of biogas [1,2] and biomethane utilization [3] have gained a special significance
The main objective of the present study was focused on how to determine volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) in biogas samples originating from different sources, with the use of various sampling methods together with applying a gas chromatography technique coupled with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS)
The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was applied for the determination of VMSs concentration in biogas sampled in four different ways
Summary
Regarding the reduction of the emission and continuously increasing demand for renewable resources, the concept of biogas [1,2] and biomethane utilization [3] have gained a special significance. During the last 10 years, studies on biogas and biomethane and the determination of silica compounds in the form of volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) has been investigated [4,5,6]. Green chemistry, including biogas analysis as well as green technologies in the form of biogas purification require simple and rapid analytical methods for the evaluation of their environmental impact. Different studies have pointed out that siloxanes presented in biogas matrices have effects on biogas motors installed in combined heat and power units (CHP) [7]. Their presence is responsible for the shortening of engine lifetime and the increase in operational cost [8]
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