Abstract
Some andalusite refractories are high in transverse strength. Bars 12 inches long, 2 inches wide, and 1/2 inch thick tested across an 11-inch span supported a 45-pound load with 13/32-inch sag at cone 161/4 and a 1/2-pound load at cone 34 down with 1/16-inch sag. A standard 9-inch brick tested under a load of 50 pounds per square inch at 1525°C showed no deformation. They are relatively constant in volume, are not affected by kiln gases, and tend to improve rather than to deteriorate under continued heating owing to the formation of an increased amount of mullite. Andalusite saggers used at cone 12 are estimated to have stood 180 cycles and are still in good condition. Saggers in continuous use at cone 161/4 have an estimated average age of 11/2 years and many are four years old. The andalusite lining of a periodic kiln being fired regularly at 3000 to 3200°F is still serviceable after 110 firings. Cars built of andalusite refractories have given five years of continuous service in tunnel kilns operating at cone 161/4, whereas cars built of fireclay refractories were unfit for use after three to four months. Side walls, damper boxes, expansion sleeves, and flame shields of Dressler tunnel kilns operating at cone 161/4 have proved satisfactory.
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