Abstract
Excessive exposure to solar UV (sUV) is associated with numerous human skin disorders, such as carcinogenesis, skin photoaging and skin inflammation. Silkworm Thorn (Cudraniatricuspidata, SW) is a plant belonging to the Moraceae family and widely present throughout Korea, China, and Japan. Most parts of the tree (including the fruit, leaf, stem, root, and bark) is consumable as a functional food or tea. In this study, we found that SW extract (SWE) inhibited the elevated expression of sUV-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels in both HaCaT and JB6 cells. Levels of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1, two crucial transcription factors involved in COX-2 expression, were elevated by sUV treatment. Treatment with SWE abolished this activation. SWE also inhibited sUV-induced histone H3 phosphorylation. However, sUV-induced phosphorylation of Akt, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase remained unchanged in the presence of SWE. SWE inhibited RSK2 activity, and pull-down assays using SWE-Sepharose beads revealed that SWE binds directly with RSK2 in an ATP-competitive manner. These results suggest a potential for SWE to be developed as a cosmeceutical material and functional food constituent for the promotion of skin health.
Highlights
Ultraviolet (UV) is a major etiological factor involved in skin photoaging and carcinogenesis [1].Exposure of the skin to UV induces damage of DNA, protein, and lipids, which can in turn lead to skin inflammation, a process that precedes photoaging and carcinogenesis [2]
To measure whether COX-2 inhibition by SW extract (SWE) through transcriptional regulation, we showed the effects of SWE on Solar UV (sUV)-induced cox-2 promoter activity
Luciferase assays revealed that exposure to sUV induced cox-2 promoter activity significantly and this induction was suppressed by SWE treatment (Figure 1C)
Summary
Ultraviolet (UV) is a major etiological factor involved in skin photoaging and carcinogenesis [1]. Exposure of the skin to UV induces damage of DNA, protein, and lipids, which can in turn lead to skin inflammation, a process that precedes photoaging and carcinogenesis [2]. Methods to inhibit sUV-induced skin inflammation may help to counteract these adverse effects. The effects of SW on sUV-induced skin inflammation have not previously been investigated. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays a crucial role in sUV-induced skin inflammation [14]. COX-2 expression and COX-2-mediated sUV-induced skin inflammation [17]. We investigated the inhibitory effects of SW extract (SWE) on sUV-induced COX-2 expression in skin cells
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