Silk sericin/PLGA electrospun scaffolds with anti-inflammatory drug-eluting properties for periodontal tissue engineering

Abstract

Periodontal disease is associated with chronic inflammation and destruction of the soft and hard tissues in the periodontium. Scaffolds that would enable cell attachment and proliferation while at the same time providing a local sustained anti-inflammatory action would be beneficial in restoring or reversing disease progression. In the current study, silk sericin, a natural protein derived from the silkworm cocoons, was electrospun with poly lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and ketoprofen, and the composite scaffolds were assessed for their physicochemical and mechanical properties, as well as their biocompatibility and in vitro anti-inflammatory action. The composite scaffolds showed an increase in their hydrophilicity and an exceptional reinforcement of their mechanical properties, compared to plain PLGA scaffolds, sustaining drug release for up to 15 days. Human gingival fibroblasts showed a favorable attachment and proliferation on the composite scaffolds as visualized with scanning electron and confocal microscopy. A significant downregulation of the pro-inflammatory markers MMP-9 and MMP-3 and an upregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene IL-10 was achieved for lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages after cultivation on the composite scaffolds. The current study demonstrated that silk sericin-PLGA composite scaffolds have the potential to simultaneously accommodate cell attachment and proliferation and achieve a sustained anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of periodontal diseases.