Silk Foams with Metallic Nanoparticles as Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Tissue regeneration can be achieved by providing endogenous cells with a biomaterial scaffold that supports their adhesion and proliferation, as well as the synthesis and deposition of an extracellular matrix (ECM). In this work, silk fibroin protein foams were formed by lyophilization to generate tissue engineering scaffolds. Three types of medically relevant nanoparticles (NPs) (iron oxide, gold and silver) were added to this biomaterial to assess the ability of silk foams to be functionalized with these NPs. The structural and mechanical properties of the foams with and without the NPs were suitable for tissue support. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was confirmed according to the ISO 10993 guidelines. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was investigated by assessing inflammation and endogenous cell colonization in a mouse subcutaneous model These in vivo experiments demonstrated a loss of acute inflammation and the absence of chronic inflammation in the grafted animals. The obtained results show that silk foams are good candidates for supporting soft tissue regeneration with the additional possibility of functionalization with NPs.