Abstract
The high sensitivity of silicon microcantilever sensors has expanded their use in areas ranging from gas sensing to bio-medical applications. Photochromic molecules also represent promising candidates for a large variety of sensing applications. In this work, the operating principles of these two sensing methods are combined in order to detect the reversible conformational change of a molecular switch, spiropyran. Thus, arrays of silicon microcantilever sensors were functionalized with spiropyran on the gold covered side and used as test microcantilevers. The microcantilever deflection response was observed, in five sequential cycles, as the transition from the spiropyran (SP) (CLOSED) to the merocyanine (MC) (OPEN) state and vice-versa when induced by UV and white light LED sources, respectively, proving the reversibility capabilities of this type of sensor. The microcantilever deflection direction was observed to be in one direction when changing to the MC state and in the opposite direction when changing back to the SP state. A tensile stress was induced in the microcantilever when the SP to MC transition took place, while a compressive stress was observed for the reverse transition. These different type of stresses are believed to be related to the spatial conformational changes induced in the photochromic molecule upon photo-isomerisation.
Highlights
Silicon microcantilever-based sensors have generated great interest in the last decades due to their high sensitivity and their ability to work as label-free sensors capable of detecting numerous target analytes [1,2,3,4,5]
Innovative microcantilever coatings include polymer brushes-based on phenylboronic acid which have been used to detect glucose binding events [15] and graphene oxide (GO) thin films for high-sensitivity humidity sensing [16]
The different type of stress observed in these experiments, between the SP and MC state, can be explained if one considers the spatial arrangements of the photochromic molecules, where SP occupies less volume than MC [23,50]
Summary
Silicon microcantilever-based sensors have generated great interest in the last decades due to their high sensitivity and their ability to work as label-free sensors capable of detecting numerous target analytes [1,2,3,4,5]. Innovative microcantilever coatings include polymer brushes-based on phenylboronic acid which have been used to detect glucose binding events [15] and graphene oxide (GO) thin films for high-sensitivity humidity sensing [16]. Different fabrication methods for microcantilevers as well as the range of available modification methods in the substrate and sensing layer allow for the realization of different types of cantilever-based sensors [20,21]
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