Abstract
ABSTRACT Rice is one of the world’s most consumed cereals, however, its production is affected by fungal diseases. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the severity of diseases and grain yield potential of upland rice with silicon fertilization combined with seed microbiolization with Bacillus methylotrophicus isolates. Two experiments were conducted, one in Igarapé do Meio, Maranhão (MA), Brazil, with rice seeds of the variety Palha-Murcha and one in São Bento MA with rice seeds of the variety BRS-Primavera. A randomized block experimental design in a split-plot arrangement with five replications were used in both experiments, with agro-silicon rates (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 Mg ha-1) in the plots and microbiolized and non-microbiolized rice seeds with B. Methylotrophicus at concentration of 108 CFU ml-1 in the subplots. The seedling emergence, grain yield, number of panicles, plant height, plant dry weight and severity of brown leafspot, leaf scald and grain spot were evaluated. Soil fertilization with agro-silicon affected positively the plant height of the variety Palha-Murcha and the number of panicles, plant dry weight and grain yield of the variety BRS-Primavera, and negatively the germination of the variety BRS-Primavera. Leaf scald severity in the variety BRS-Primavera reduced with microbiolized seeds with B. methylotropicus. Microbiolization with B. methylotropicus had no effect on severity of brown leafspot and grain spot in the varieties evaluated.
Highlights
Improved rice varieties have grain yield potential of 10 Mg ha-1, their world average grain yield is 5 Mg ha-1, which denotes the need for reduce this difference in grain yield observed in the field
The objective of this work was to evaluate the severity of diseases and grain yield potential of upland rice with silicon fertilization combined with seed microbiolization with B. methylotrophicus isolates
Two experiments were conducted in rice fields with history of leaf blast, leaf scald, brown leafspot and grain spot; one in the rural settlement Diamante Negro, Jutaí, Igarapé do Meio, State of Maranhão, Brazil (03o35'9"N, 45o09'50.6"W and 9 m of altitude) in the 2013-2014 crop season, and one in the School Farm of the Maranhão State University, São Bento, State of Maranhão, Brazil (2o42'15,6"N, 44o51'19,6"W and 2 m of altitude) in the 2014-2015 crop season
Summary
Improved rice varieties have grain yield potential of 10 Mg ha-1, their world average grain yield is 5 Mg ha-1, which denotes the need for reduce this difference in grain yield observed in the field. This difference is due mainly to biotic and abiotic stresses that affect rice crops (KHUSH; JENA, 2008). Grain spot symptoms are variable, depending on the pathogen, infection stage and climatic conditions These diseases are affected by environmental conditions, plant density, dew (SANTOS; SANTIAGO, 2014) and plant nutritional imbalance (SANTOS et al, 2010). The diseases leaf scald, brown leafspot and grain spot, evaluated in the present work, occur in crops in the State of Maranhão, Brazil
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