Silicon detectors beyond LHC — RD50 status report

Abstract

The last decade showed the leading role of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments in particle physics. To fully exploit its physics potential, the significant increase of LHC luminosity is planned. At the High luminosity Phase-II Upgrade (HL-LHC), foreseen for 2027, a peak instantaneous luminosity of 5 × 1034 cm−2, with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 is expected. The experiments will be subjected to radiation levels up to 2 × 1016 neq/cm2 at the innermost layers of the detectors. Since more than a decade the RD50 collaboration has been conducting a significant R&D program across experimental boundaries to create silicon sensors with adequate radiation tolerance for HL-LHC trackers. HV-CMOS sensors, 3D detectors, and low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) are important areas of detector research and development. We will discuss the current state of research and development in numerous silicon detector domains, with a focus on 3D and LGAD detectors. We will also discuss the alternatives for detector selection experiments outside of the LHC, using the FCC as an example.