Silicon augments salt tolerance through modulation of polyamine and GABA metabolism in two indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Abstract

Polyamines (PA) have multifarious roles in plant-environment interaction and stress responses. In conjunction with GABA shunt, they regulate induction of tolerance under salinity stress in plants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that silicon improves salt tolerance through mediating vital metabolic pathways rather than acting as a mere mechanical barrier. Seedlings of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars MTU 1010 (salt-sensitive) & Nonabokra (salt-tolerant) growing in hydroponic culture were treated with NaCl (0, 25, 50 & 100 mM) combined with or without Si (2 mM). NaCl stress enhanced PA synthesizing enzymes activity and PA production in salt tolerant cultivar Nonabokra, whereas in the sensitive cultivar, MTU 1010 both declined. Enhanced activities of GABA synthesizing enzymes along with a decline in the activities of GABA degrading enzymes under NaCl exposure led to GABA accumulation in both the cultivars. The interactive effects of silicon and NaCl also induced the activities of the enzymes related to polyamine biosynthesis and inhibited polyamine degrading enzymes that enhanced PA contents in the cultivars. Supplemental Si decreased endogenous GABA levels by modulating GABA metabolising enzymes under NaCl stress. On the basis of all tested parameters cv. MTU 1010 was proven to be more responsive towards silicon application than cv. Nonabokra. Such study of silicon-induced polyamine accretion and reduced GABA accumulation may lower oxidative damage in rice cultivars under NaCl stress and thereby form a successful strategy to boost tolerance.