Abstract
BackgroundTreatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries commonly involves the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments for reconstruction. However, the currently available methods require long fixation periods, thereby necessitating the development of alternative methods to accelerate the healing process between tendons and bones. Thus, we developed and evaluated a novel technique that utilizes silicate-substituted strontium (SrSiP).MethodsPET films, nano-coated with SrSiP, were prepared. Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) from femurs of male rats were cultured and seeded at a density of 1.0 × 104/cm2 onto the SrSiP-coated and non-coated PET film, and subsequently placed in an osteogenic medium. The osteocalcin concentration secreted into the medium was compared in each case. Next, PET artificial ligament, nano-coated with SrSiP, were prepared. BMSCs were seeded at a density of 4.5 × 105/cm2 onto the SrSiP-coated, and non-coated artificial ligament, and then placed in osteogenic medium. The osteocalcin and calcium concentrations in the culture medium were measured on the 8th, 10th, 12th, and 14th day of culture. Furthermore, mRNA expression of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was evaluated by qPCR. We transplanted the SrSiP-coated and non-coated artificial ligament to the tibiae of mature New Zealand white rabbits. Two months later, we sacrificed them and histologically evaluated them.ResultsThe secretory osteocalcin concentration in the medium on the film was significantly higher for the SrSiP group than for the non-coated group. Secretory osteocalcin concentration in the medium on the artificial ligament was also significantly higher in the SrSiP group than in the non-coated group on the 14th day. Calcium concentration on the artificial ligament was significantly lower in the SrSiP group than in the non-coated group on the 8th, 10th, 12th, and 14th day. In qPCR as well, OC, ALP, BMP2, and Runx2 mRNA expression were significantly higher in the SrSiP group than in the non-coated group. Newly formed bone was histologically found around the artificial ligament in the SrSiP group.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that artificial ligaments using SrSiP display high osteogenic potential and thus may be efficiently used in future clinical applications.
Highlights
Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries commonly involves the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments for reconstruction
The “anatomical double-bundle Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction,” which utilizes the knee flexor tendon, is one of the standard techniques, in which autogenic tendon is directly connected to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament passing through the bone tunnels of the tibia [1, 2]
Experiment 1: culture experiment Osteocalcin concentrations in nano-coated PET film culture medium The concentration of osteocalcin in the culture medium was significantly higher in the Silicate-substituted strontium (SrSiP) group than in the non-coated group on the 14th day of the culture supernatant (Fig. 1)
Summary
Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries commonly involves the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments for reconstruction. The “anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction,” which utilizes the knee flexor tendon, is one of the standard techniques, in which autogenic tendon is directly connected to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament passing through the bone tunnels of the tibia [1, 2]. In the anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction, the artificial ligaments are required to fashion the two auto-grafts because of the relatively lower amount of harvested tendons than that with single bundle ACL reconstruction. This method is surgically less invasive and provides excellent intraoperative maneuverability, the long time period required for the fixation between the transplanted tendon and bone tunnel remains a challenge. HAP is chemically represented as Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2; Calcium (Ca) may be substituted with Sr, and phosphate ion (PO42−) with silicate ions (SiO44−) to enhance osteogenic ability
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