Abstract
Transmucosal drug delivery includes the administration of drugs via various mucous membranes, such as gastrointestinal, nasal, ocular, and vaginal mucosa. The use of nanoparticles in transmucosal drug delivery has several advantages, including the protection of drugs against the harsh environment of the mucosal lumens and surfaces, increased drug residence time, and enhanced drug absorption. Due to their relatively simple synthetic methods for preparation, safety profile, and possibilities of surface functionalisation, silica nanoparticles are highly promising for transmucosal drug delivery. This review provides a description of silica nanoparticles and outlines the preparation methods for various core and surface-functionalised silica nanoparticles. The relationship between the functionalities of silica nanoparticles and their interactions with various mucous membranes are critically analysed. Applications of silica nanoparticles in transmucosal drug delivery are also discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionSilica nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention in nanomedicine
Among inorganic nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention in nanomedicine
The key distinctions are that mesoporous silica nanoparticles have a porous structure, a lower density, and a larger effective surface area [5]
Summary
Silica nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention in nanomedicine. The molar ratio of MPMS/APMS in the reaction mixture was directly proportional to the zeta potential but inversely proportional to the thiol content As these nanoparticles had positively charged surfaces As these nanoparticles had positively charged surfaces (their zeta potential ranged from 30 to 50 mV), they bound to antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (G3139) efficiently as a result of electrostatic attraction between the cationic nanoparticles and the anionic therapeutic [38]. Irmukhametova et al [42] have pioneered the formation of thiolated silica nanoparticles (with the size of ~50 nm) from MPMS using DMSO as a solvent and NaOH as a basic catalyst. The ability to control the physicochemical properties of these thiolated silica nanoparticles can have a significant impact on the behaviour (e.g., mucoadhesion and biodistribution) of these nanoparticles in biological environments
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