Abstract
A new silica bonded N-(propylcarbamoyl)sulfamic acid (SBPCSA) catalyst has been prepared for the highly efficient synthesis of a series of acrylonitrile derivatives via solvent-free facile Knoevenagel condensation between differently substituted heterocyclic/aromatic aldehydes 1 (a–o) and 2-thiopheneacetonitrile (2). The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, SEM-EDX and XRD techniques. The thermal stability of the catalyst was evaluated with TGA and DT analysis. The remarkable features of the present protocol are solvent free synthesis, recyclability of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, shorter reaction profile, excellent yield of products with applicability to broader substrate scope (electron rich and electron deficient) and exclusive formation of E-isomer of the product. DFT calculations also revealed that E-isomer of compound 3f is stabilized by 12.53 kcal mol−1 more than the Z-isomer. Efficient and economical synthesis of acrylonitrile derivatives.
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