Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is widespread, seriously impacting tomato production throughout the world. ToCV is semi-persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Currently, insect olfaction is being studied to develop novel pest control technologies to effectively control B. tabaci and whitefly-borne virus diseases. Despite current research efforts, no report has been published on the role of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in insect preference under the influence of plant virus. Our previous research showed that viruliferous B. tabaci preferred healthy plants at 48 h after virus acquisition. In this study, we determined the effect of OBPs on the host preference interactions of ToCV and whiteflies. Our results show that with the increase in acquisition time, the OBP gene expressions changed differently, and the OBP3 gene expression showed a trend of first rising and then falling, and reached the maximum at 48 h. These results indicate that OBP3 may participate in the host preference of viruliferous whiteflies to healthy plants. When the expression of the OBP3 gene was knocked down by an RNA interference (RNAi) technique, viruliferous Mediterranean (MED) showed no preference and the ToCV transmission rate was reduced by 83.3%. We conclude that OBP3 is involved in the detection of plant volatiles by viruliferous MED. Our results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for clarifying the transmission mechanism of ToCV by B. tabaci and could provide new avenues for controlling this plant virus and its vectors.
Highlights
Tomato chlorotic virus (ToCV) belongs to the genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae
In Asia, since its first discovery in Taiwan in 2004, ToCV has been identified in Beijing, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, and other provinces in China [5], accompanied by the outbreak of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Our results demonstrate that the abilities of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) to bind to host volatiles are significantly different, and, in general, OBPs synergistically interact in the process of host plant VOC recognition
Summary
Tomato chlorotic virus (ToCV) belongs to the genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae. ToCV was first discovered in Florida, the United States, in 1996 [1,2], and has seriously impacted tomato production around the world [3,4]. Ato planWts h[1e3n].plants are infected by pathogens or insects, they produce volatile organic compounds (VOCWs),hseunchplaasnttesrpaerenoiindfse,citseodprbeynopiadtsh,oagceidnss, aonrdinostehcetrs,cothmepyopurnoddsu[c1e4,v1o5]l,aatisleanorignadnuiccedcodmepfeonusnivdes r(eVspOoCnss)e,. AOn BaPffsecatreinasnecitmfpeeodrtianngt pclraesfseroefnbceio[l2o,g1i6c]a,lliyn awcthiivceh modoolercaunlte-bsifnodriindgenptriofyteiningsp(lOanBtPVs)OpClasyinatnheimolpfaocrtaonryt reocleog[n17it,i1o8n].oOf iBnPssecatsre[1a9n–2i1m].pToortdanatec,lmasasnoyf rbeisoelaorgcihcearllsyhaacvteivsetumdoieledctuhleschfoarraidcteenrtisiftyicisngofpilnasnetctVOOBCPssi.nPtrheeviolufascrteosreyarcehcodgenmitoionnstoraf tiendsetchtast[t1h9e– m21a]i.nTrooldeaotfeO, mBPans yis rteosceraeractheetrhsehaatvtreasctuivdeieoddothr eofcphlaarnatcst,ewrishtichs owfaisnrseelcatteOdBtPost.hPerhevoisotuloscraetsioenarochf idnesemctosn[s2t2r]a,taenddthGaut otheet aml.acinonrcolluedoefdOthBaPtsOisBtPoscprleaayteimthpeoartatrnatcrtoivlesoidnothr eofrepgluanlattsi,own hoifcphhwasaes-rreellaatteedd bteohtahveiohroisnt llooccuastitosn[2o3f].inHsoewctesv[e2r2,]a,tapnrdesGenuto, neot rael.pocortnhclausdbeedenthpautbOliBshPesdpalbayouitmhpoowrtOanBtPrsoaleffsecint tthhee sreelgeuctliaotnioonf ionfsepcht avseec-troerlsatiendpabrethicaivpiaotrioninwliothcupsltasn[t2v3i]r.uHseos.wever, at present, no report has been publIinshthedis asbtuoduyt,hwoewanOaBlyPzseadffthecetrtehlaetsiveeleOctBioPngoefnienesxepctrevsesciotonrosfinB.ptaabraticciiapfatetirofneewdinthgpolnanhteavlitrhuyseasn.d ToCVI-nintfhecistesdtutdomy,awtoepalnaanltyszuesdinthgererael-attiimvee OquBaPngtietnateiveexpPrCeRss(ioRnT-oqfPBC.Rta),btahcienafatenrafleyezdedintghoenfuhnecatlitohny oafnOdBTPosCcVom-inbfiencetdedwtiothmRatNo Aplianntetsrfuerseinngcer(eRalN-tAimi)eteqcuhannotliotagtyivaenPdCvRer(iRfiTed-qtPhCe Rfu),ntchtieonnaonfatlhyezegdentehse tfhurnocutgiohnwohf iOteBflPyspcroemferbeinecedawnidthviRruNsAtrianntsemrfeisrseinocnee(xRpNerAimi)etnectsh.nTohloegsey raensdultvseprirfoievdidtehea ftuhenocrtieotincaolf bthaseisgeanedsttehcrhonuigcahlwsuhpitpeoflryt fporrefcelarernifcyeinagndthveimruescthranissmmisosfioTnoCexVpetrraimnsemntis.siTohnebseyrBe.sutalbtsacpiraonvdidfeora dtheseiogrneitnicgalnebwasids eaansdfotrechonitcroallisnugpploarnttfvoirrucslaarnifdyiintsgvtehcetomrse.cOhaunrirsemsuoltfsTaolsCoVfutrrtahnesrmeliussciiodnatbeythBe. ftuanbacctioanndoffOorBdPessingnininsgecnteowlfaicdteoarsyfsoerncsoantitorno.lling plant virus and its vectors. Our results further elucidate the function of OBPs in insect olfactory sensation
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