Abstract
The RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases play an important role in plant growth, development, and defense responses to abiotic stresses and pathogens. However, their roles in the resistance of plants to herbivorous insects remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolated the rice gene OsJMJ715, which encodes a RING-domain containing protein, and investigated its role in rice resistance to brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens). OsJMJ715 is a nucleus-localized E3 ligase whose mRNA levels were upregulated by the infestation of gravid BPH females, mechanical wounding, and treatment with JA or ABA. Silencing OsJMJ715 enhanced BPH-elicited levels of ABA, JA, and JA-Ile as well as the amount of callose deposition in plants, which in turn increased the resistance of rice to BPH by reducing the feeding of BPH and the hatching rate of BPH eggs. These findings suggest that OsJMJ715 negative regulates the BPH-induced biosynthesis of ABA, JA, and JA-Ile and that BPH benefits by enhancing the expression of OsJMJ715.
Highlights
To defend themselves from herbivorous insects, plants have developed sophisticated defensive mechanisms known as constitutive and inducible defenses [1,2]
OsJMJ715 negatively regulated the resistance of rice to BPH at least in part via inhibiting BPH-elicited abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and callose deposition. These findings suggest that OsJMJ715 plays a crucial role in BPH-induced rice defenses
On the basis of the deduced 2s.eRqeusuelntsce, we found that OsJMJ715 contains a JmjC domain at the C-terminal 2b.1e.lIosonlagtiinnggantod CthhaeraKcteDriMzin3g/OJHsJMDJM7125 group of JmjC protein family
Summary
To defend themselves from herbivorous insects, plants have developed sophisticated defensive mechanisms known as constitutive and inducible defenses [1,2]. The inducible defense starts with the perception of herbivore-associated molecular patterns and/or damage-associated molecular patterns, followed by the activation of an array of early signaling events, such as the increase in levels of cytosolic calcium ion, burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades These early signaling events elicit defense-related signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones, which in turn lead to a global reconfiguration of transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, thereby enhancing direct and/or indirect defenses of plants to herbivores [2]. In Arabidopsis, for instance, the CRL-type E3 ligase CRL1 is involved in the signaling of JA by forming the SKP1–CRL1–F-box (SCF) complex assembled with the F-box protein COI1 (SCFCOI1) This process causes the degradation of JAZ repressors and activates the transcription of JA-responsive genes [13]. These findings suggest that OsJMJ715 plays a crucial role in BPH-induced rice defenses
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