Abstract
Chemical ecologist James Blande at the University of Eastern Finland finds that plants release volatile chemicals into the atmosphere which can be viewed as a language in the sense that a plant releasing the chemicals can be viewed as 'speaking' and the plant receiving them as 'listening' and then responding. pollution can disrupt these communications. In one study, Blande and his colleagues put individual bumblebees into a chamber containing paper flowers resembling those of black mustard. When the scientists injected the scent of real black mustard flowers that grew in either a clean or polluted atmosphere the bumblebees' reactions were unequivocal: they were immediately attracted to the unpolluted scent, while that from polluted air left them buzzing around aimlessly.
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