Abstract
The thermal comfort region for greatest animals is between 4 °C and 25 °C. When temperature surpasses 25 °C, animals suffer heat stress. In severe heat stress, the profound body temperature increases, animal cells are affected and production performance is reduced. Most physiological and biochemical variations could occur to protect essential cell functions in contradiction of heat stress and to permit a fast recovery from moderate hypothermic destruction. In tropical and subtropical countries, the climatic characteristic is the major constraint on animal productivity. Production and reproduction are reduced as a result of the extreme changes in biological functions affected by heat stress. Reduction of the negative effects of heat stress can be reduced or even eliminate those losses to improve its productivity has been attempted using different techniques including physical, nutritional, and physiological means.
Highlights
Best climatic conditions for animals would be something like an air temperature of 13 to 20 oC, wind velocity of 5 to 18 km/ hour, the relative humidity of 55 to 65%, and a moderate level of sunshine, and these factors are interrelated.Ambient temperature is related to other climatic factors but the relationship with the relative humidity seems to be the most important, since the feeling of warmth under high ambient temperature increases with high relative humidity percentage
Production and reproduction are impaired as a result of the drastic changes in biological functions caused by heat stress [2]
Animals raised under the hot summer season are suffering from severe climatic stress for almost 6 months of the year and become uncomfortable suffering extremely in production and reproduction
Summary
Best climatic conditions for animals would be something like an air temperature of 13 to 20 oC, wind velocity of 5 to 18 km/ hour, the relative humidity of 55 to 65%, and a moderate level of sunshine, and these factors are interrelated.Ambient temperature is related to other climatic factors but the relationship with the relative humidity seems to be the most important, since the feeling of warmth under high ambient temperature increases with high relative humidity percentage. Exposure of animals to uncomfortable conditions brings some sequences of risky changes in the biological functions, which include a decrease in feed intake and utilization as well as conflicts in water, protein, energy and mineral balances and blood biochemical components finale to deficiency the productive and reproductive performance and lowers natural immunity making animals more vulnerable to disease [10, 11].
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