Signs and symptoms of end-stage idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) is a progressively disabling, neurological condition, resulting in multiple signs and symptoms and reduced quality of life. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. Although not traditionally considered a terminal condition, guidelines recommend the early involvement of palliative care services in IPD management. Limited evidence exists pertaining to the dying trajectory in IPD. However, the research that is available indicates an increasing symptom burden at the end of life. People with IPD rarely die in hospices. Therefore, the majority of patients with end-stage IPD will be cared for in hospitals, care homes and community settings. This article will focus on the main signs and symptoms of IPD that lead to morbidity and which are predictors of mortality. A case example of a man with advanced IPD admitted to a hospice is examined. The article aims to provide nurses caring for people with IPD in all environments with a broad overview of the effects of the disease. It is not its intention to discuss treatment strategies. Conflicts of interest: none