Significantly Improved Humidity Performance of La2O3-Based Sensor Modified by Li, Na, and K+ Ions

Abstract

The effects of Li+, Na+, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}^{+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ions loading on the humidity-sensing performances of La2O3-based humidity sensors were investigated in detail. Single-ion loading shows that Li+-loading greatly decreases the impedance in the low humidity range and thus has no effect on improving humidity-sensitive response. Na+-loading increases the sensitive response over four orders of magnitude but causes large hysteresis in the medium humidity range. <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}^{+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -loading raises the sensitive response over four orders of magnitude with a smaller hysteresis loop. Significantly improved humidity performance of a large humidity-sensitive response of nearly five orders of magnitude, satisfactory response/recovery time, low hysteresis, and good linearity were achieved simultaneously by optimizing the ratio of Li+, Na+, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}^{+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ions. This work underscores that alkaline ion modifying is a facile method to improve the properties of humidity sensors.