Abstract
BackgroundBlack African (BA) populations are losing the cardio-protective lipid profile they historically exhibited, which may be linked with increasing fructose intakes. The metabolic effects of high fructose diets and how they relate to blood lipids are documented for Caucasians, but have not been described in BA individuals.ObjectiveThe principle objective of this pilot study was to assess the independent impacts of high glucose and fructose feeding in men of BA ancestry compared to men of White European (WE) ancestry on circulating triglyceride (TG) concentrations.MethodsHealthy males, aged 25–60 years, of BA (n = 9) and WE (n = 11) ethnicity were randomly assigned to 2 feeding days in a crossover design, providing mixed nutrient meals with 20 % total daily caloric requirements from either added glucose or fructose. Circulating TG, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured over two 24-h periods.ResultsFasting TGs were lower in BAs than WEs on the fructose feeding day (p < 0.05). There was a trend for fasting TG concentrations 24 h following fructose feeding to increase in both BA (baseline median fasting: 0.80, IQR 0.6–1.1 vs 24-h median post-fructose: 1.09, 0.8–1.4 mmol/L; p = 0.06) and WE (baseline median fasting 1.10, IQR 0.9–1.5 vs 24-h median post-fructose: 1.16, IQR 0.96–1.73 mmol/L; p = 0.06). Analysis within ethnic group demonstrated that in TG iAUC was significantly higher in BA compared to WE on both glucose (35, IQR 11–56 vs −4, IQR −10–1 mmol/L/min; p = 0.004) and fructose (48, IQR 15–68 vs 13, IQR −7–38 mmol/L/min; p = 0.04). Greater suppression of postprandial NEFA was evident in WE than BA after glucose feeding (−73, IQR −81– −52 vs −26, IQR −48– −3 nmol/L/min; p = 0.001) but there was no ethnic difference following fructose feeding.ConclusionsUnderstanding the metabolic effects of dietary acculturation and Westernisation that occurs in Black communities is important for developing prevention strategies for chronic disease development. These data show postprandial hypertriglyceridemia following acute feeding of high added fructose and glucose in BA men, compared to WE men, may contribute to metabolic changes observed during dietary acculturation and Westernisation.Trial registrationThe study was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02533817.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0315-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Black incremental AUCs (iAUC) incremental area under the curve (African) (BA) populations are losing the cardio-protective lipid profile they historically exhibited, which may be linked with increasing fructose intakes
These data show postprandial hypertriglyceridemia following acute feeding of high added fructose and glucose in Black iAUC incremental area under the curve (African) (BA) men, compared to White European (WE) men, may contribute to metabolic changes observed during dietary acculturation and Westernisation
Fasting and post-prandial circulating TG, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured in 9 BA and 11 WE participants over a 24-h period on two separate days, during which they consumed three isocaloric, mixed nutrient meals accompanied by beverages sweetened with either 100 % fructose or 100 % glucose (Additional file 1: Table S1), in a randomised crossover fashion
Summary
Black African (BA) populations are losing the cardio-protective lipid profile they historically exhibited, which may be linked with increasing fructose intakes. Recent evidence recognises a changing profile of cardiovascular morbidity in young Blacks, with increasing rates of MI [6, 7], and fasting lipids that are no longer different to Whites [8] These changes are not explained by clinical or socioeconomic factors suggesting that lifestyle alterations may be playing a crucial role [6, 9]. Acculturation and adoption of Western dietary patterns increases with the length of time since migration, and becomes more apparent in subsequent generations [13] To this effect, within the UK population people of Black Caribbean ancestry show greater dietary acculturation than people of Black African ancestry whose migration is more recent [14]. In line with this Black Caribbeans exhibit fasting lipids that are no different to Whites Black Africans still exhibit cardioprotective lipids [8], which may be lost as they adopt more Westernised dietary patterns
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