Abstract
BackgroundSurface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) aids in pesticide detection, including thiram. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set a 7 ppm residue standard specifically for thiram. Nonetheless, conventional SERS methods often lack sensitivity at ppm levels. We introduce internal standards to overcome this limitation. MethodsInitially, we assessed thiram concentrations in apple and orange juices using the SERS peak at 1383 cm-1, denoted by its intensity as S1383. However, S1383 alone lacked sensitivity to ppm level variation. Apple juice exhibited a SERS peak at 732 cm-1 (intensity denoted as S732), serving as an inherent internal standard. The ratio of S1383 to S732 could differentiate thiram concentrations by ∼1 ppm within the range of 1 × 10-5 to 3 × 10-5 M. Pure orange juice lacked a discernible SERS peak, necessitating an added internal standard. Adenine, with SERS intensity at 731 cm-1 (S731) and 1322 cm-1 (S1322), was employed for this purpose. The combined use of S1383 and the ratios of S1383 to S731 and S1383 to S1322 could distinguish thiram concentration differences by ∼1 ppm within the range of 1 × 10-5 to 5 × 10-5 M. Significant findingsOur approach facilitates exceptional differentiation at the ppm level, enhancing pesticide detection for improved food safety and environmental health.
Published Version
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