Abstract
We previously reported our ability to objectively assess the strength of temporal relationships between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease-like symptoms with esophageal air events (EAEs) (air swallows, gastric belching, and supragastric belching) using impedance-pH monitoring. Recently, we similarly evaluated an adolescent female who presented to our clinic with symptoms of recurrent hiccups and with what appeared to be numerous EAEs. Hiccups were associated with GER (symptom association probability [SAP] = 100%), air swallows (SAP = 99.7%), supragastric belches (SAP = 100%), and gastric belches (SAP = 100%), with almost twice as many of the supragastric belches preceding a hiccup than any of the other 3 esophageal disturbance types (EDs) (P < 0.00001). Our data showing a significant temporal association between EAEs and hiccups support a previous report in which belching was suspected of being associated with hiccups in an adult male. Reports such as this underscore the importance of considering the assessment of temporal relationships between extra-esophageal symptoms and EDs that include not only GER, but also EAEs, such as air swallows, gastric belches and supragastric belches, when devising strategies for clinical management of patients with hiccups.
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