Significant improvement of fidelity for encoded quantum bell pairs at long and short-distance communication along with generalized circuit

Abstract

Quantum entanglement is a unique criterion of the quantum realm and an essential tool to secure quantum communication. Ensuring high-fidelity entanglement has always been a challenging task owing to interaction with the hostile channel environment created due to quantum noise and decoherence. Though several methods have been proposed, correcting almost all arbitrary errors is still a gigantic task. As one of the main contributions of this work, a new model for ‘large distance communication’ has been proposed, which may correct all bit flip errors or other errors quite extensively if proper encoding and subspace measurements are used. To achieve this purpose, at the very first step, the idea of differentiating the ‘long-distance communication’ and ‘short-distance applications’ has been introduced. Short-distance is determined by the maximum range of applying unitary control gates by the qubit technology. How the error correcting ability of Quantum codes change for short and long-distance application is investigated in this work, which was not explored in previous literatures as far as we know. At the beginning, we have applied stabilizer formalism and Repetition Code for decoding to distinguish the error correcting ability in long and short distance communication. Particularly for short-distance communication, it has been demonstrated that a ‘properly encoded’ bell state can identify all the bit flip, or phase flip errors with 100% accuracy theoretically. In contrast, if the bell states are used in long-distance communication, the error-detecting and correcting ability reduces at huge amounts. To increase the fidelity significantly and correct the errors quite extensively for long-distance communication, a new model based on classical communication protocol has been suggested. All the required circuits in these processes have been generalized for arbitrary (even) numbers of ancilla qubits during encoding. Proposed analytical results have also been verified with the Simulation results of IBM QISKIT QASM.