Abstract
The air we breathe in a given environment can influence the state of health of a person living in that environment. The recent outbreak of fungal meningitis in the USA which led to several deaths, hospitalizations and illnesses due to fungal contamination of a steroid being administered for pain management has underscored the importance of a dire need to have an understanding of the quantities of fungi in the air that surrounds us. Here we report the study results of an analysis of the air for levels of molds from a range of separate locations on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. The purpose of the study was to establish an initial benchmark for St. Kitts in terms of air quality, with specific attention to airborne fungi, as no such previous analysis has been undertaken and because airborne molds have the potential to negatively impact public health. Our research involved exposure of Sabaroud’s dextrose agar plates for fungal growth at predetermined locations around the island followed by determination of the fungal count per hour of exposure. A scoring system proposed here identifies areas with high mold count. The results suggest that areas with abundant vegetation or presence of vegetables also had the highest airborne mold counts. In contrast, areas tested within air-conditioned buildings which were routinely cleaned and well maintained; showed the lowest mold counts. This study should become a simple precursor model for global follow-up studies for monitoring air quality. Ensuring that the air we breathe contains minimal quantities of molds will result in healthier population and help to prevent possible associated allergies and disease, particularly among more susceptible immunocompromised persons either due to AIDS or immunosuppressive therapy.
Highlights
IntroductionSince the latter part of the past century, molds (fungi and yeast) have become increasingly recognized for their medical importance [1]
Since the latter part of the past century, molds have become increasingly recognized for their medical importance [1]
If only the air of the manufacturing facility for the steroid formulations for pain relief which was the source of fungal contamination was monitored to determine its mold count it would have become apparent that the formulation needed to be tested as part of routine quality control prior to the product being shipped to 23 states
Summary
Since the latter part of the past century, molds (fungi and yeast) have become increasingly recognized for their medical importance [1]. A unique characteristic that separates fungi from other pathogens is its cell membrane containing ergosterol and cell wall containing chitin, glucan and mannose. The mold spores, most important to this research, have thick melanized walls which usually contain complex carbohydrates that are hydrophobic and waxy. For an immunocompromised person the same fungi may have consequences that are far more serious. Immunocompromised individuals have lost the ability to fight off the pathogens, and with the main entry way for infectious fungi like Aspergillus being inhalation [3], opportunistic infections are readily facilitated, underscoring the medical importance of fungal studies such as this one. Fungal infections are a concern because there is currently no vaccination or prophylactic treatment available
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