Abstract
The identification of biomarkers plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. In this study, we explored the diagnostic and prognostic value of the FLAD1 expression across pan-cancer analysis from online databases (Oncomine, cBioPortal, Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner, UALCAN, GEO, BCIP, TNMplot, ENCORI, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and LinkedOmics). We found that FLAD1 was overexpressed in a number of different kinds of cancers, especially in breast cancer, and higher FLAD1 expression level was associated with the HER+, p53 mutant, node-involved, NPI stage 3, basal-like, and triple-negative groups compared with the other subgroups of breast cancer. The FLAD1 expression levels were higher in patients that were 21–40 years old than those in patients of other ages and were higher in the African-American group than in the Caucasian group. We also analyzed the FLAD1-related microRNAs and their prognostic values in breast cancer. This study highlights the significance of FLAD1 in cancers and provides evidence for its potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in lessdeveloped countries [1]
We found some evidence for the abnormal expression of Flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (FLAD1) in various cancers in Encyclopedia of RNA Interactomes (ENCORI) [18]
TNMplot [20] was further used for pan-cancer analysis of FLAD1, including 56,938 samples showing that FLAD1 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemi, bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, rectum cancer, kidney renal
Summary
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in lessdeveloped countries [1]. Flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (FLAD1), known as FAD1, is located on chromosome 1 [5] at 1q21.3 [6] (https://www.genecards.org/). It encodes flavin adenine dinucleotide synthase (FADS), which contains an Nterminal molybdopterin-binding (MPTb) domain and a Cterminal domain sufficient to catalyze FAD synthesis [7]. The FLAD1 expression was previously reported to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and is considered to be related to hepatitis B virus infection [8]. The FLAD1 expression has been shown to be upregulated in gastric cancer [10] and breast cancer [11]
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