Abstract
WE discuss here some of the factors relevant to the formation of acid in the spoil heaps that result from surface mining of the Upper Freeport coal in northern West Virginia. The coal is overlaid by the Lower Mahoning sandstone1, a uniform, quartzose, channel-fill sandstone that can be 30 to 50 feet thick. Pyrite (FeS2) is the chief acid-forming species in the sandstone2.
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