Abstract
In 1995, Shaw et al. (1) reported the gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric identification and quantification of various compounds in the urine of two autistic brothers. In that report (1) and a subsequent one (2), the authors concluded that the presence of several compounds, including tartaric acid (excreted as tartarate), may be causally related to the autistic symptoms and that their origin is an overgrowth of intestinal yeast. The practice of analyzing urine for these compounds to detect intestinal yeast continues, although several lines of evidence contradict these conclusions. Dietary intake is usually the major contributor to urinary tartarate. The US Food and Drug Administration considers it a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) human food ingredient (3). Gram quantities of …
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