Significance of the apoptotic index, mitotic index, and turnover index in premalignant and malignant squamous cell lesion of the oral cavity: How much is their diagnostic and prognostic role?

Abstract

Background: Carcinoma of the oral cavity is one of the most common cancers in our country. High mitotic index (MI) rate with growth, proliferation, and carcinoma of tissue linked with a lower survival rate. The combination of MI screening with proliferation and apoptotic assay is more compelling and comprehensive give more conclusion about anti-proliferative targets. Aim: The study aimed to show the impact of the apoptotic index (AI), MI, and turnover index (TI) to access the behavior of the lesion. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 histologically proven cases of premalignant and malignant squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed over a period of 1 year. Biopsy specimen with hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections was evaluated and correlated with different grade of the oral lesion with AI, MI, and TI. Results: Statistical analysis in premalignant between mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia shows no significant difference, whereas premalignant and malignant show a significant difference. Conclusion: Apoptotic, mitotic, and turnover base index can provide useful information and prediction of the nature of the lesion.