Abstract
The importance of observing concurrent grafting with curing in polymerisation processes initiated by UV and ionising radiation is discussed. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is used as monomer with cellulose and polypropylene (PPE) as backbone polymers in the model grafting system studied. The styrene comonomer technique is utilised to overcome homopolymerisation in these reactions. The effect of typical materials used in curing processes as additives in grafting has been examined. The additives used include mineral acids, photoinitiators, thermal initiators, a typical inclusion compound like urea and polyfunctional monomers especially the multifunctional acrylates and methacrylates. A representative commercial curing process where these grafting concepts are relevant is discussed in detail. The process chosen for illustration is the UV cured banknote, a world first. A theory to explain the observed reactivity in grafting and curing is proposed involving physical and chemical processes which act in concert. The physical process involves partitioning of reagents whereas the chemical process concerns additional radical reactions in the radiation initiation step.
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