Significance of Microwave Irradiation in Synthesis of Thiazolidin-4-one Bearing Pyrimidine Analogues: Their in vitro Antimicrobial, Antituberculosis and Antimalarial Studies

Abstract

Aim: To synthesise biologically active thiazolidin-4-one by microwave irradiation method and evaluate against different species of bacteria, fungi and Plasmodium falciparum. Background: Microwave irradiation method is serviceable for rapid and sustainable synthesis. In this present study, Thiazolidin-4-one bearing pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized by microwave irradiation method. Objective: Thiazolidin-4-one is a valuable motif because of its broad-spectrum biological evaluation. It is famous for many types of biological profiles, mainly antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, anti- convulsant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic agent and antimalarial. This biological response leads our attention towards the change of Thiazolidin-4-one skeleton to enhance potential. Present study aims to carry out a rapid synthesis of Thiazolidin-4-one derivative of pyrimidine by microwave- assisted heating. Methods: 4-(4-substituted phenyl)-6-(substituted aryl) pyrimidin-2-amine was the key intermediate required for the synthesis of 3-(4-(Substituted phenyl)-6-(substituted aryl) pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy phenyl) thiozolidin-4-one (5A-J), which was prepared by using microwave irradiation. The structures of all newly synthesized motifs were characterized by spectral analysis (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy) and screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes; antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus Clavatus; anti-tuberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis H37RV and antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Results: Higher yield with less time-consuming method is the main advantage of Thiazolidin- 4-one bearing pyrimidine motifs synthesis. The excellent biological response of compounds 5B, 5C, 5D, 5G, 5H, 5I, and 5J was observed. Conclusion: As compared to conventional method, less time is required for the preparation of Thiazolidin- 4-one analogues by using advantageous microwave irradiation method. Thiazolidin-4-one derivatives showed improved biological activity.