Significance of interleukin-31 (IL-31) gene polymorphisms and IL-31 serum level in psoriasis in correlation with pruritus.

Abstract

IntroductionInterleukin-31 (IL-31) impact on the development and clinical presentation of psoriasis as well as pruritus has not been widely investigated so far.AimTo analyse IL-31 -1066G/A and -2057G/A promoter gene polymorphisms as well as serum IL-31 level and their correlation with severity of psoriasis and pruritus in the population of northern Poland.Material and methodsThe study included 300 psoriasis patients and 186 healthy volunteers. The polymorphisms were analysed using amplified refractory mutation system – polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. Serum levels of IL-31 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test.ResultsThe -1066 AA genotype of the IL-31 gene was statistically more frequent in patients and it increased the risk of psoriasis (OR = 1.80; p = 0.04). The GG genotype as well as G allele of the IL-31 -2057 gene polymorphism were rarely observed in psoriasis and were associated with a decreased risk of the disease (OR = 0.6, p = 0.007 and OR = 0.7, p = 0.01, respectively). Serum levels of IL-31 were significantly elevated in psoriasis patients (p < 0.000001), however, they did not correlate with the studied polymorphic variants of the IL-31 gene, severity of psoriasis, disease onset, presence of psoriatic arthritis and pruritus intensity.ConclusionsDistinct IL-31 promoter gene polymorphisms may be involved in psoriasis development. It seems that serum concentration of IL-31 may not be a reliable marker of psoriatic pruritus.