Abstract
ObjectiveAlterations in leptin expression contributes to the progression of various diseases, including cancers. This meta-analysis investigated the clinical significance of leptin levels in osteoarthritis (OA) patients, with the goal of building a leptin-based diagnostic criterion for OA.MethodMultiple scientific databases in English and Chinese languages, such as the Cochrane Library Database, CINAHL, Chinese Biomedical (CBM), EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science, were exhaustively searched, without any language restrictions, to identify high-quality studies relevant to leptin and OA. Version 12.0 STATA software was used for data analysis. We used odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to test the correlation between serum leptin levels and OA progression.ResultsA total of 11 clinical studies were finally selected for their high quality and relevance to the topic in this meta-analysis. The 11 case-control studies contained a combined total of 3,625 subjects. The meta-analysis results showed that leptin expression was significantly increased in OA patients, compared with the controls (SMD = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.72-1.02, P < 0.001), and there was also a strong association between leptin expression levels and gender (SMD = 8.55, 95%CI: 4.74-12.35, P < 0.001). In ethnicity-stratified subgroup analysis, all the study populations, irrespective of ethnicity, showed remarkably high leptin expression levels in females and in OA patients (all P < 0.05), compared to their respective counterparts.ConclusionThe present study revealed that increased leptin expression levels are associated with disease severity in OA patients, especially among the female OA patients. Based on our results, we propose that leptin level may be a useful biomarker for the assessment of the clinical status in OA patients.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent type of arthritis and is a painful degenerative joint disease involving cartilage and surrounding tissues, with a high incidence among elderly populations, especially among older females [1]
The meta-analysis results showed that leptin expression was significantly increased in OA patients, compared with the controls (SMD = 0.87, 95%confidence intervals (CI): 0.72-1.02, P < 0.001), and there was a strong association between leptin expression levels and gender (SMD = 8.55, 95%CI: 4.74-12.35, P < 0.001)
The present study revealed that increased leptin expression levels are associated with disease severity in OA patients, especially among the female OA patients
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent type of arthritis and is a painful degenerative joint disease involving cartilage and surrounding tissues, with a high incidence among elderly populations, especially among older females [1]. OA prevalence is approximately 40% in adults aged 70 and over, and is the major cause of pain as well as disability in this age group, in women [2]. Due to the multi-factorial nature of the underlying OA pathogenesis, the etiology of OA is suspected to involve a complex interaction between the environmental factors and intrinsic risk factors [5]. The environmental factors include obesity, gender, mechanical stress, age, and joint trauma, with all of these playing pivotal roles in OA origin, but obesity appears to be a common and an essential component in OA pathogenesis [5,6,7]. Several previous studies have addressed the correlation between OA and pro-inflammatory mediators, and proposed a role for leptin, which is closely correlated with obesity, as a biomarker in OA [4,8]
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