Abstract
The present study was undertaken to establish any correlation of elevated levels of CA19-9 with tumor stage or grade of urothelial carcinoma. This hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between 1st July 2012 and 31st December 2012. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. CA19-9 was assayed with an ELISA reader for all cases and expressed in U/ml with 37U/ml taken as the cut-off upper value for normal. Out of 20 cases enrolled, 15 were of urothelial carcinoma and the remaining 5 were controls. There was marked difference between the mean values of CA19-9 in cases 40.2±19.3U/ml of urothelial carcinoma and controls 7.98±7.34U/ml. The number of cases in Ta, TI, T2, T3, T4 stages of urothelial carcinoma were 2, 6, 3, 3, 1 respectively. The percentage rise in CA19-9 was less with low grade tumors (22.2%) when compared with high grade tumors (66.6%) (p value 0.001*). The percentage of rise in CA19-9 for muscle invasive tumors was very high when compared to superficial tumors. Similarly, the percentage of rise in CA19- 9 for metastatic disease was very high when compared to non-metastatic disease and it was found statistically significant (p value 0.001*). Serum CA19-9 levels predicts the prognosis of urothelial carcinoma as it is almost invariably raised in tumors having metastatic spread.
Highlights
Transitional cell carcinoma is the second commonest malignancy of the genitourinary tract worldwide after prostate cancer (Salehi et al, 2011)
The present study was undertaken to establish any correlation of elevated levels of CA19-9 with tumor stage or grade of urothelial carcinoma
Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee
Summary
Transitional cell carcinoma is the second commonest malignancy of the genitourinary tract worldwide after prostate cancer (Salehi et al, 2011). The different investigative groups studying extensively monitoring measures such as periodic cystoscopic examination and urine cytology previously for bladder cancer but these investigations have lot of restraint as they necessitate ample number of exfoliated cells in the urine (Terris et al, 1990). Tumor markers such as the bladder tumor antigen (BTA),nuclear matrix proteins (NMP22), and fibrinogen degradation have high false positive rates (Kikuchi., 2004). The present study was undertaken to find out correlation of elevated levels of CA19-9 with tumor stage or grade of urothelial carcinoma
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