Significance of applying theory of planned behaviour, theory of hexaco, religiosity and tawakal in COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Research dealing with various aspects of theory of Hexaco, theory of planned behavior, tawakal and religiosity are reviewed, and some unresolved issues are discussed in coping of COVID 19 disease in Malaysia. In broad terms, the theory is found to be well supported by empirical evidence. Intentions to perform behaviors of different kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior with religiosity aspect. Theory of Hexaco, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, religiosity and tawakal are shown to be related to appropriate sets of salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about the behavior, but the exact nature of these relations is still uncertain. Expectancy. value formulations are found to be only partly successful in dealing with these relations. Optimal rescaling of expectancy and value measures is offered as a means of dealing with measurement limitations. Finally, inclusion of past behavior in the prediction equation is shown to provide a means of testing the theorys sufficiency, another issue that remains unresolved.