Abstract
The heavy metals have different adverse impacts on different life stages of fish species with attempts to use natural antioxidants to counteract their effects. So, the present study investigated the potential protective effects of Amphora coffeaeformis extract against arsenic-induced hemato-biochemical alterations in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The fish exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of arsenic; 19.2 and 38.3 mg/l (1/8 and 1/4 of 96h-LC50 value, 153.17 mg/l) for 15 days. The significant main effect of arsenic was recorded in some blood parameters such as RBC’s count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and white blood cells. As regards the biochemical parameters, the arsenic main effect was significant for alkaline phosphatase, glucose, uric acid, creatinine, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin. Also, the residue of arsenic in fish muscles showed significant effects. These arsenic-induced parameters were improved with the dietary supplemented amphora. So, Amphora extract can be used as detoxification factor on fishes induced by arsenic due to its biologically active components working as antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory besides the excellent contents of proteins and carbohydrates which enhance these components.
Highlights
Different heavy metals including Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Silver, and Mercury were found to be toxic to human beings, animals, and fishes with variability in doses and environmental factors (Govind and Madhuri, 2014)
Most of the fishes exhibited loss of equilibrium which was more marked with increased concentration and duration
Reduction in the feeding activity, fins hemorrhage and skin alterations were recorded in those samples exposed to arsenic
Summary
Different heavy metals including Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Silver, and Mercury were found to be toxic to human beings, animals, and fishes with variability in doses and environmental factors (Govind and Madhuri, 2014). Protective Role of Amphora on Arsenic-Induced Fish especially fish juveniles with a reduction in survival and growth of their populations (Erickson et al, 2011). These adverse impacts may lead to the removal of entire fish populations in polluted aquatic ecosystems (Khayatzadeh and Abbasi, 2010). Studies on arsenic toxicity to aquatic animal species, including fish, are rare. These studies stated that exposure to arsenic led to various hematological and biochemical alterations in fishes (Sayed et al, 2015a; Singh and Srivastava, 2015; Ghaffar et al, 2016). It leads to DNA fragmentation, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and formation of increased reactive oxygen species (Selvaraj et al, 2013)
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