Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main etiologic factor in the development of squamous cervical neoplasm. The study is based on HPV assay by means of molecular mixed hybridisation and capture of specific sequences of viral DNA in patients with non-dysplasic cytology. Two groups were defined depending on their diagnostic cytology: within normal limits (WNL) and atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS), dividing itself into ASCUS of probable reactive origin (ASCUS-R) and ASCUS that is probably dysplasic origin (ASCUS-D). In the non ASCUS-D group (WNL and ASCUS-R) 15% of the samples were HPV positive, whilst in 81% of the ASCUS-D HPV was detected. The WNL group had three positive results in previous controls which became negative in latter controls. In conclusion, detection of HPV by hybridization and capture is a very useful technique in patients with inconclusive viral action cytology, which present with a high clinical suspicion of infection. Furthermore, it is a reliable tool to reclassify those cytologies reported as ASCUS as possible dysplasia and thus increase the follow-up of these patients. We believe that the best screening method for cervico-vaginal cancer is based on the Pap test, helped by HPV detection. La infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) es el principal factor etiológico en el desarrollo de la neoplasia de cérvix. El presente estudio se ha basado en el análisis del VPH a través de hibridación mixta y captura de secuencias específicas de ADN viral en muestras de pacientes con citología no displásica. Se han definido dos grupos en función del diagnóstico citológico: a) dentro de los límites de la normalidad (DLN), y b) atipias escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASCUS), dividiéndolo a su vez en ASCUS de probable origen reactivo (ASCUS-R) y probablemente displásico (ASCUS-D). El 15% de las muestras no ASCUS-D (DLN + AS-CUS-R) resultó positivo para VPH, mientras que en el 81% de los ASCUS-D se detectó VPH. En el grupo DLN se obtuvieron tres resultados positivos que en controles posteriores se negativizaron. En conclusión, la detección del VPH por hibridación mixta es un método de gran utilidad en pacientes que, a pesar de contar con citologías no concluyentes de acción viral, presentan alta sospecha clínica para dicha infección. Asimismo, resulta una inestimable herramienta a la hora de reclasificar las citologías informadas como ASCUS, lo que orienta hacia una posible displasia y permite intensificar el control de estas pacientes. Consideramos que actualmente el mejor método de cribado del cáncer cervicovaginal se sustenta en el test de Papanicolau apoyado en la determinación del VPH.

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