Abstract
We propose a simple model to characterize the attenuation due to the isolated density of thin trees in an air-to-ground (satellite-to-mobile or helicopter-to-mobile) communication channel. We analyzed the effect of the mobile receiver displacement, moving from far to near the tree along the direct ray path direction for different species of trees at X band (8-12 GHz) and Ku band (12-18 GHz) frequencies. Apart from a free-space region, we have identified two different scattering zones: a diffuse scattering-dominant region around the tree trunk, within which the signal level is modeled according to a statistical distribution function; and a zone where the diffraction on the tree crown prevails, modeled considering knife-edge diffraction loss with a correction of the tree height.
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