Abstract
Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is a protein toxin found in toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida. PMT is the causative agent for atrophic rhinitis in pigs, a disease characterized by loss of nasal turbinate bones due to an inhibition of osteoblast function and an increase in osteoclast activity and numbers. Apart from this, PMT acts as a strong mitogen, protects from apoptosis and has an impact on the differentiation and function of immune cells. Many signaling pathways have been elucidated, however, the effect of these signaling cascades as a means to subvert the host’s immune system are just beginning to unravel.
Highlights
Pasteurella multocida are Gram-negative bacteria that cause a variety of different disease syndromes in various animals [1]
This was the case when Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT)-treated cells were co-stimulated with a toll like receptors (TLR) ligand, leading to the expression of endogenous SOCS1, as it would happen in a cell during a naturally occurring infection with Pasteurella multocida
As PMT can selectively influence B cells, we suggest that it interferes with their differentiation fate by changing intracellular signaling events, which could result in a survival advantage of the Pasteurella multocida bacteria in the sense of immune evasion
Summary
Pasteurella multocida are Gram-negative bacteria that cause a variety of different disease syndromes in various animals [1]. Type D and A strains for example are associated with upper respiratory tract infections in pigs and toxigenic strains expressing the Pasteurella multocida Toxin (PMT) cause porcine atrophic rhinitis [2]. This disease is characterized by an atrophy of the nasal ventral conchae. On the other side pathogens have acquired distinct strategies to avoid recognition and elimination by the host’s immune system in order to survive and replicate In this context, the modulation of signaling cascades of immune cells represents one effective strategy [8,9,10,11]. In the following paragraphs Pasteurella multocida toxin related signaling cascades and their importance are discussed in the context of inflammation and immune evasion as well as their potential benefit for the pathogen
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