Signal Transduction by Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Pathways and Chemical Principles

Abstract

Redox State and Redox Environment in Biology.- Sulfur and Selenium Catalysis as Paradigms for Redox Regulations.- Thiols of Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin in Redox Signaling.- Reactivity and Diffusivity of Nitrogen Oxides in Mammalian Biology.- Bacterial Peroxiredoxins.- The Nox Enzymes and the Regulated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species.- NO Synthesis and NOS Regulation.- S-nitrosothiols in Cell Signaling.- Hydrogen Peroxide as Intracellular Messenger: Identification of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases and Pten as H2O2 Target.- 4-Hydroxynonenal Signaling.- Ceramide Signaling under Oxidative Stress.- Map Kinases in Redox Signaling.- Activation of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis: Peroxynitrite vs Hydroperoxides.- Phylogenetic Conservation of the Nrf2-Keap1 Signaling System.- The NO-cytochrome C Oxidase Signaling Pathway Mechanisms and Biological Implications.- The Concept of Compartmentalization in Signaling by Reactive Oxygen Species.- Role of Mitochondrial Oxygen and Nitrogen Reactive Species in Signaling.- Redox Regulation of Gene Expression: Transcriptional Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1.- Apoptosis Mechanisms Initiated by Oxidative Stress.- Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in the Production of Congenital Malformations by Known Teratogenic Agents and Maternal Conditions.