Signal recovery from a few linear measurements of its high-order spectra

Abstract

The q -th order spectrum is a polynomial of degree q in the entries of a signal x ∈ C N , which is invariant under circular shifts of the signal. For q ≥ 3 , this polynomial determines the signal uniquely, up to a circular shift, and is called a high-order spectrum. The high-order spectra, and in particular the bispectrum ( q = 3 ) and the trispectrum ( q = 4 ), play a prominent role in various statistical signal processing and imaging applications, such as phase retrieval and single-particle reconstruction. However, the dimension of the q -th order spectrum is N q − 1 , far exceeding the dimension of x , leading to increased computational load and storage requirements. In this work, we show that it is unnecessary to store and process the full high-order spectra: a signal can be uniquely characterized up to symmetries, from only N + 1 linear measurements of its high-order spectra. The proof relies on tools from algebraic geometry and is corroborated by numerical experiments.