Abstract
The sigma-phase is of crucial importance because of the disadvantageous influence on mechanical properties of the commercial alloys, mainly lowering the impact toughness and reducing creep ductility. It is usually assumed that the sigma-phase forms in the iron based alloys which contain the high level Cr and the formation is not possible above 1,104 K and below about 713 K (critical temperatures for stable existence of sigma-phase in an Fe-Cr system). However, the temperature range of the thermodynamic stability and the sigma-phase nucleation cannot be derived from a binary Fe-Cr phase diagram but from the phase diagram of the system corresponding to the actual composition of the alloy. Great progress has been made in the calculations and predictions of phase diagrams. Using advanced theoretical models of the phases and programs for calculations of phase equilibria, it is possible to obtain phase diagrams for many systems including the Fe-Cr-Ni system.
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