Abstract
Siglecs (Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins) are a I-type lectin that typically binds sialic acid. Siglecs are predominantly expressed in immune cells and generate activating or inhibitory signals. They are also shown to be expressed on the surface of cells in the nervous system and have been shown to play central roles in neuroinflammation. There has been a plethora of reviews outlining the studies pertaining to Siglecs in immune cells. However, this review aims to compile the articles on the role of Siglecs in brain function and neurological disorders. In humans, the most abundant Siglecs are CD33 (Siglec-3), Siglec-4 (myelin-associated glycoprotein/MAG), and Siglec-11, Whereas in mice the most abundant are Siglec-1 (sialoadhesin), Siglec-2 (CD22), Siglec-E, Siglec-F, and Siglec-H. This review is divided into three parts. Firstly, we discuss the general biological aspects of Siglecs that are expressed in nervous tissue. Secondly, we discuss about the role of Siglecs in brain function and molecular mechanism for their function. Finally, we collate the available information on Siglecs and neurological disorders. It is intriguing to study this family of proteins in neurological disorders because they carry immunoinhibitory and immunoactivating motifs that can be vital in neuroinflammation.
Highlights
Glycosylation is vital for normal brain function and an alteration in this process may lead to nervous disorders and death [1,2]
This review compiles the studies pertaining to brain functions and disorders which includes published literature related to microglia, demyelination and neuroinflammation
The role of few of the Siglecs has been extensively studied in immunity but overall the Siglec family has been less explored in neuroinflammation
Summary
Glycosylation is vital for normal brain function and an alteration in this process may lead to nervous disorders and death [1,2]. One year later, was found that CD22 with sialylated revealing receptor its role as acid binding lectin [7].it Another. Mousebinds macrophage specificglycoproteins receptor/sheep erythrocyte sialic acid binding lectin [7]. Another Siglec, mouse macrophage specific receptor/sheep erythrocyte (original name- sialoadhesin/Siglec-1) was purified and characterized from mouse spleen. It was found receptor (original name- sialoadhesin/Siglec-1) was purified and characterized from mouse spleen It that it can agglutinate sheep and human erythrocytes in sialic acid-dependent manner [8]. Subsequent studies were carried out that identified and characterized Sialoadhesin, CD22, and glycoprotein (MAG/Siglec-4) as immunoglobulin-like domains containing the sialoadhesin family [9,10]. Varki with others, named thiswhich family standsof for sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-type lectins [11].
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